Which best management practice helps prevent pesticide contamination of surface water and groundwater?

Following Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles is the best management practice to prevent pesticide contamination of surface water and groundwater. IPM focuses on a holistic approach to pest control by combining multiple strategies that reduce pest populations with minimal impact on the environment, including the use of pesticides.

Implementing IPM involves monitoring pest populations, understanding their life cycles, and applying pesticides judiciously when necessary, which significantly minimizes pesticide use and mitigates the risk of runoff or leaching into water sources. This proactive and preventative strategy emphasizes the responsible use of pesticides and promotes alternatives where possible, such as biological control, cultural practices, or use of resistant varieties, thereby protecting water quality in both surface and groundwater systems.

In contrast, the other options represent practices that could increase the risk of contamination. For example, applying pesticides at higher rates can lead to excess chemicals that might run off or seep into water sources, while spraying during windy conditions can increase drift, allowing pesticides to travel beyond target areas, potentially contaminating nearby water bodies. Storing pesticides in open containers increases the likelihood of spills or accidental releases, further jeopardizing water quality.